Cell: Exam Example

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Warning: This is just an example and may or may not resemble the material we have covered or material on the exam for this class (i.e. use this wisely not as a study guide)!!!!!

Lab:

1)      What are the subunits of starch and sucrose? (3)

2)      Explain why you were able to extract the DNA out of the E. coli lysate. Is DNA acidic or basic? (3)

3)      Draw and name the three morphological types of bacteria? (3)

Evolutionary Framework:

4)      To survive cells must convert energy into matter this is called ______________. (2)

5)      Most Biologists use the classification system of kingdoms and domains to classify large groups of organism. What are these groups and how do they fit together (indicate which kingdoms are under which domains)? (9)

6)      Define the hypothetico-deductive approach and list the steps of the scientific method. (7)

7)      Cells are constantly trying to maintain a stable internal environment this process is called _______________. (2)

Small Molecules:

8)      Atoms are the smallest particle something can be broken into and still retain chemical properties.

a.       Define atomic mass and atomic number. (2)

b.      What are the two units used when weighing protons? (2)

                                                               i.      What is the weight of one proton in both of those units? (2)

9)      What is the difference between an element and a compound? (2)

10)   What are isotopes? (2)

a.       Why is the atomic mass of carbon 12.011 not 12? (2)

11)   Why do chemical reactions occur? (2)

12)   List the three types of chemical bonds, define them chemically and give an example of each (use the back if necessary). (12)

13)   Fill in this table: (6)

14)   How many electrons are involved in a triple bond? (2)

15)   Why are ionic bonds weaker in water? (2)

16)   Why do oil droplets form in water? (2)

a.       When these nonpolar hydrocarbon molecules are in close proximity they can interact.

                                                               i.      These interactions are called? (2)

                                                             ii.      Why do these interactions occur? (2)

17)   Moles and Molarity: It is your first day as a research assistant in a molecular biology lab.  Your principle investigator (PI) would like you to make a solution.  She points you to a shelf with chemicals and says, “ fix 50 milliliters of a 0.6 M solution of the amino acid threonine”.  You go to the shelf and find the bottle of threonine looking for the formula weight you see that it has been scratched off of the label (bummer), however, being the intelligent biologist you are you know the chemical structure.

a.       Using the tiny periodic table and the structure given calculate the molecular weight. (4)

b.      Calculate the number of grams of threonine needed to make 50 mls of a 0.6 M solution. (5)

c.       Calculate the number of molecules of threonine in the 50 mls of 0.6 M threonine solution. (4)

18)    Balance this equation:

a.       6CO₂ + 12H₂O à C₆H₁₂O₆ +  ____O₂ + ____H₂O (4)

b.      Which are the reactants? Products? (2)

19)    Chemical reactions do not create or destroy ____________ or ____________. (4)

20)   Using what we learned chemically about [H+] and the pH scale explain why HCl is an acid and NaOH is a base. (4)

21)    Inositol has six hydroxyl groups attached to a six-carbon backbone, because of its functional groups it can be classified as what type of compound? (2)

Tiny Periodic Table: atomic # (a#) and atomic weight (aw).

Carbon a# = 6; aw = 12

Oxygen a# = 8; aw = 16

Hydrogen a# = 1; aw = 1

Nitrogen a# = 7; aw = 14

Sulfur a# = 16; aw = 32

Phosphorus a# = 15; aw = 31

Sodium a# = 11; aw = 23